The graphics card is the part of your computer that takes care of the graphics calculations and sends the resulting image to the monitor. It is usually connected to the PCI-Express x16 slot on the motherboard. The older type of slot is labelled AGP 8x. Two of the largest manufacturers of graphics card chips for general use (office and home, video editing, playing games) are ATI and NVIDIA. There are many manufacturers that produce graphics cards equipped with these chips. Graphics cards for professionals are manufactured by Matrox.
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