Selected Chapters from Physics and Philosophy

This book offers a comprehensive and interconnected view of the key philosophical questions that appear in contemporary physics. It combines a historiographical approach, describing the development of individual phenomena, with a deeper analysis of selected problems, emphasising their relationship to specific historical contexts. It reflects on the topics of the methodology of physics, spacetime, and the anthropic principle, highlighting both classical problems and, above all, the shifts in scientific thought after 1905 associated with quantum physics and the general theory of relativity, as well as the expansion of the universe and progress in resolving paradoxes in science. Thus, it is not only an excursion into the history of human thought in the field of physics, but it also addresses a number of contemporary issues. The publication contains an original discussion of the relationship between dark matter and energy and the anthropic principle, a critical analysis of the final anthropic principle, and its own definition. The text is the most comprehensive treatise on the philosophical questions of physics available in the Czech language.